IHS Holding Limited Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Financial Results

Published: 2025-03-18 07:33:04 ET IHS

FULL YEAR 2024 FINANCIAL RESULTS AHEAD OF GUIDANCE SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS MADE DELIVERING STRATEGIC REVIEW

IHS Holding Limited (NYSE: IHS) (“IHS Towers” or the “Company”), one of the largest independent owners, operators, and developers of shared communications infrastructure in the world by tower count, today reported financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2024.

CONSOLIDATED HIGHLIGHTS – FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2024

The table below sets forth the select financial results for the three months and twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Three months ended December 31,

Full year ended December 31,

2024

2023

Change

2024

2023

Change

$’million

Revenue

437.8

509.8

(14.1

)

1,711.2

2,125.5

(19.5

)

Adjusted EBITDA(1)

246.4

274.2

(10.1

)

928.4

1,132.5

(18.0

)

Income/(loss) for the period

243.1

(456.8

)

153.2

(1,644.2

)

(1,988.2

)

17.3

Cash from operations

348.8

162.1

115.3

775.9

902.9

(14.1

)

ALFCF(1)

107.1

118.2

(9.3

)

304.2

432.8

(29.7

)

(1) Adjusted EBITDA and ALFCF are non-IFRS financial measures. See “Use of Non-IFRS financial measures” for additional information, definitions and a reconciliation to the most comparable IFRS measures.

FOURTH QUARTER 2024

Financial Highlights

Strategic and Operational Highlights

(1) “Constant Currency” combines the impact from CPI escalation, New Sites, new Colocation, new Lease Amendments, fiber and other revenues, as captured in organic revenue. Refer to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for the definition of organic revenue and additional information. (2) Refer to note 4(e) in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for further information on the calculation of this figure. (3) Enterprise Value” is defined as anticipated cash consideration to be received (as of December 2, 2024, the date of transaction announcement) plus borrowings less cash in the business and stated for a 100% shareholding. Refer to note 31.2 in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for further information on the disposal of the Kuwait business.

FULL YEAR 2024

Financial Highlights

Strategic and Operational Highlights

Sam Darwish, IHS Towers Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, stated, “We’re reporting a strong performance in the fourth quarter, with our key metrics revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and ALFCF all ahead of our guidance, while Total Capex was below expectations, and we saw a drop in our consolidated net leverage ratio. We believe our positive momentum reflects both the continued strong secular trends we are seeing across our business, a more stable macroeconomic environment, as well as the significant commercial and financial progress we have made during 2024 as part of our ongoing strategic review. We have de-risked our business through extending commercial contracts with Key Customers into the next decade, reduced our exposure to power prices, extended our debt maturities and completed some of our disposals target.

Looking to 2025 and beyond, we remain excited by the strong structural growth opportunities across our footprint. We believe we are well placed to leverage our market leading positions and support growing demand for our critical communications infrastructure, with growth underpinned by continued 5G deployment across our markets and an improving backdrop within our largest market Nigeria after recent carrier tariff rate increases. As we enter 2025, we remain focused on further enhancing our profitability and cash flow generation, as can be seen in our FY25 guidance, and are committed to further strengthening our balance sheet, supported by potential further select asset disposals, allowing us to deliver increasing returns for all our stakeholders.”

Full Year 2025 Outlook Guidance

The following full year 2025 guidance is based on a number of assumptions that management believes to be reasonable and reflects the Company’s expectations as of March 18, 2025. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates as a result of various factors, and the Company refers you to the cautionary language regarding “forward-looking” statements included in this press release when considering this information.

The Company’s outlook is based on the following:

Metric

Current Range

Revenue

$1,680M-1,710M

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

$960M-980M

Adjusted Levered Free Cash Flow (1)

$350M-370M

Total Capex

$260M-290M

(1) Adjusted EBITDA and ALFCF are non-IFRS financial measures. See “Use of Non-IFRS financial measures” for additional information and a reconciliation to the most comparable IFRS measures. We are unable to provide a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and ALFCF to (loss)/income and cash from operations, respectively, presented above without an unreasonable effort, due to the uncertainty regarding, and the potential variability, of these costs and expenses that may be incurred in the future, including, in the case of Adjusted EBITDA, share-based payment expense, finance costs, insurance claims and gain on disposal of subsidiary, and in the case of ALFCF, cash from operations, net movement in working capital and maintenance capital expenditures, each of which adjustments may have a significant impact on these non-IFRS measures.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2024

Impact of Nigerian Naira devaluation

Following the steps taken by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the Naira devalued between the period immediately prior to the announcement and the month end rate as of June 30, 2023. The Naira continued to devalue in the second half of 2023 and in January 2024, there was a further significant devaluation. During the second and third quarters of 2024, the Naira continued to devalue but at a significantly slower rate as compared to the first quarter of 2024. During the fourth quarter of 2024, this trend reversed resulting in an appreciation of the Naira closing rate at the end of the fourth quarter compared to the end of third quarter of 2024.

In November 2024, the Central Bank of Nigeria directed authorized dealers to use a new trading platform - Bloomberg BMatch as the Electronic Foreign Exchange Matching System (“EFEMS”) for foreign exchange related activities. It is expected the platform would enhance the integrity and operational efficiency of the foreign exchange market by providing greater price discovery.

Set out below are the closing and average rates for the Naira currency relevant to these financial statements:

Closing Rate

Closing Rate Movement (1)

3- Month Average Rate

Average Rate Movement (1)

₦:$

$:₦

₦:$

$:₦

June 14, 2023

472.3

—

June 30, 2023

752.7

(37.3)%

508.0

—

September 30, 2023

775.6

(2.9)%

767.7

(33.8)%

December 31, 2023

911.7

(14.9)%

815.0

(5.8)%

March 31, 2024

1,393.5

(34.6)%

1,315.9

(38.1)%

June 30, 2024

1,514.3

(8.0)%

1,391.8

(5.4)%

September 30, 2024

1,669.1

(9.3)%

1,601.0

(13.1)%

December 31, 2024

1,546.0

8.0%

1,628.5

(1.7)%

Due to the Naira devaluation, Revenue and segment Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter of 2024 were negatively impacted by $259.0 million and $155.2 million, respectively, compared to the same period in 2023. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the foreign exchange resets in some of our contracts partially offset these impacts. However, the appreciation of the Naira in the fourth quarter of 2024 resulted in unrealized foreign exchange gains of $166.9 million on USD denominated intercompany loans advanced to our Nigerian operations (partially offsetting the unrealized losses in the previous quarters of 2024). The unrealized gains and losses are recorded in finance costs, however Group net assets are not impacted since equal and opposite gains and losses are recorded in equity on the retranslation of the Nigerian operations’ assets and liabilities (which include these loans). The assets included property, plant and equipment and the devaluation of the Naira from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 resulted in a $261.5 million reduction in their carrying value.

Results for the three months ended December 31, 2024 versus 2023

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2024 of $437.8 million declined 14.1% year-on-year, driven primarily by the devaluation of the Naira versus the U.S. dollar. Organic revenue(1) increased by $200.5 million (increased 39.3%) year-on-year during the fourth quarter driven primarily by foreign exchange resets, power indexation, escalations, and continued growth in revenues from Tenants, Lease Amendments and New Sites. This growth was partially offset by the initial impact of the new financial terms in the renewed and extended contracts with MTN Nigeria, signed during the third quarter of 2024. Aggregate inorganic revenue declined $1.7 million, which primarily related to the disposal of operations in Kuwait in December 2024. The increase in organic revenue was more than offset by the non-core impact of adverse movements in foreign exchange rates used to translate the results of foreign operations of $270.7 million, or 53.1%, of which $259.0 million was due to the devaluation of the Naira.

In December, 2024, the Company completed the disposal of its 70% interest in IHS Kuwait Limited, resulting in 12 fewer trading days for this operation in both the three month and full year periods ended December 31, 2024 when compared to the equivalent periods ended December 31, 2023. The revenue from the equivalent 12 day comparative period after December 19, 2023 is captured within inorganic revenue. Given the disposal date of December 19, 2024, as of December 31, 2024 the entire Tower portfolio, Tenants and Lease Amendments in Kuwait had been deconsolidated. Refer to note 31.2 in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for further information on the disposal of the Kuwait business.

Refer to the revenue component of the segment results section of this discussion and analysis for further details.

For the fourth quarter, the net decrease in Towers was 846 year-on-year (or a net increase of 896 year-on-year when excluding the impact of the Kuwait and Peru disposals), resulting in total Towers of 39,229 at the end of the period. The decrease primarily resulted from the divestiture of 1,678 Towers from Kuwait and 64 Towers from Peru. The addition of 929 New Sites, was partially offset by 250 Churned and 15 decommissioned. Tenants declined 384 year-on-year (including the net divestiture of 1,700 and 66 from Kuwait and Peru, respectively, and a reduction of 529 Tenants, in the third quarter of 2024, occupied by our smallest Key Customer on which we were not recognizing revenue), resulting in total Tenants of 59,343 and a Colocation Rate of 1.51x at the end of the fourth quarter. Excluding the impact of the Kuwait and Peru disposals, we added 1,382 net new tenants year-on-year. Year-on-year, we added 3,068 Lease Amendments, driven primarily by 5G and fiber upgrades, partially offset by the net divestiture of 272 from Kuwait, resulting in total Lease Amendments of 39,671 at the end of the fourth quarter.

(1) Refer to “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for the definition of organic revenue and additional information.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $246.4 million, resulting in an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 56.3%. Adjusted EBITDA decreased 10.1% year-on-year in the fourth quarter reflecting the decrease in revenue described above, partially offset by a decrease in cost of sales included within Adjusted EBITDA. The reduction in cost of sales was primarily driven by a decrease in regulatory fees of $10.6 million, mostly relating to a non-recurring review of the current and historical license obligations in the SSA segment, and a decrease in power generation costs ($7.9 million), security services costs ($3.9 million), tower repairs and maintenance costs ($2.6 million), and staff costs ($1.9 million). The $4.0 million increase in other cost of sales was primarily driven by a non-recurring write-down of inventory in the period. The $21.5 million reduction in administrative costs included within Adjusted EBITDA was largely driven by a devaluation of the Naira against the U.S. dollar, supported by cost saving initiatives implemented during the period.

Income for the period

Income for the period in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $243.1 million, compared to a loss of $456.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2023. This equates to an increase of income of $699.9 million year-on-year, driven primarily by a $636.7 million decrease in net finance costs. The decrease in net finance costs was mainly due to the impact of the movement in the Naira rate in the respective quarters on USD denominated intercompany loans advanced to our Nigerian operations. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Naira devaluation led to a foreign exchange loss, whereas in the current quarter the Naira appreciated giving rise to a gain. Further, the current quarter included a $83.9 million gain from the disposal of our Kuwait subsidiary. This was partially offset by the decrease in revenue as described above.

Cash from operations

Cash from operations for the fourth quarter of 2024 was $348.8 million, compared to $162.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase reflects an improvement in working capital movements of $196.1 million (inclusive of a withholding tax receivable decrease of $20.8 million), partially offset by a decrease in operating income before working capital changes of $9.3 million.

ALFCF

ALFCF for the fourth quarter of 2024 was $107.1 million, compared to $118.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease in ALFCF was primarily due to the decrease in cash from operations before working capital movements of $9.3 million described above, an increase in net interest paid of $9.8 million, partially offset by a reduction in withholding tax of $6.7 million and maintenance and corporate capex of $2.6 million.

SEGMENT RESULTS

Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA by segment

Set out below are Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA for each of our reportable segments for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Revenue

Adjusted EBITDA

Three months ended December 31,

2024

2023

Change

2024

2023

Change

$’000

Nigeria

258,870

320,662

(19.3

)

154,871

199,841

(22.5

)

SSA

124,173

124,016

0.1

80,800

62,373

29.6

Latam

44,645

54,331

(17.8

)

37,113

41,089

(9.7

)

MENA

10,134

10,775

(5.9

)

7,308

7,916

(7.7

)

Unallocated corporate expenses(1)

—

(33,720

)

(37,037

)

9.0

Total

437,822

509,784

(14.1

)

246,372

274,182

(10.1

)

(1) Unallocated corporate expenses primarily consist of costs associated with centralized Group functions including Group executive, legal, finance, tax and treasury services.

Nigeria

Fourth quarter revenue decreased 19.3% year-on-year to $258.9 million, primarily driven by devaluation of the NGN versus the U.S. dollar. When compared to the third quarter of 2024, revenue increased 6.8%. Organic revenue increased by $197.2 million (61.5%) year-on-year driven primarily by foreign exchange resets and diesel prices, as well as continued growth in revenue from Colocation and Lease Amendments, partially offset by a reduction in revenues related to the new financial terms in the renewed contracts with MTN Nigeria, signed during the third quarter of 2024. The decrease in reported revenue was primarily driven by the impact of negative movements in foreign exchange rates used to translate the results of foreign operations, with an average Naira rate of ₦1,629 to $1.00 in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to the average rate of ₦815 to $1.00 in the fourth quarter of 2023. This led to a non-core decline of $259.0 million, or 80.8% year-on-year.

Tenants decreased by 269 year-on-year, with growth of 528 from Colocation and 96 from New Sites, more than offset by 893 Churned (which includes, for the third quarter of 2024, 529 Tenants occupied by our smallest Key Customer on which we were not recognizing revenue), while Lease Amendments increased by 1,035 primarily due to 3G and fiber upgrades.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter declined 22.5% year-on-year to $154.9 million, for a margin of 59.8%. When compared to the third quarter of 2024, segment Adjusted EBITDA declined 2.5%. The year-on-year decline in segment Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter primarily reflects the decrease in revenue described above, partially offset by a reduction in cost of sales and administrative expenses included within segment Adjusted EBITDA, primarily due to the devaluation of the Naira which is used to translate the results of our Nigeria operations. During the fourth quarter there was a decrease in costs of sales, including a reduction in the cost of diesel ($3.4 million), tower repairs and maintenance costs ($1.6 million), security services costs ($1.2 million) and staff costs ($1.7 million), even though the underlying Naira-based costs increased during the period. The $4.9 million increase in other cost of sales was primarily driven by a non-recurring write-down of inventory in the period.

SSA

Fourth quarter revenue was broadly flat year-on-year at $124.2 million, primarily driven by movements in organic revenue, which increased by $3.9 million, or 3.1%, due to factors including new Tenants, Colocations, Lease Amendments in addition to CPI escalators, offset by $4.5 million lower power pass-through revenues being recognized after the changes in our agreements with MTN South Africa relating to the provision of power Managed Services. These changes to power pass-through revenue have no impact on segment Adjusted EBITDA. Other factors impacting organic revenue included growth in Tenants, New Sites and Lease Amendments, together with escalations and foreign exchange resets. The growth in organic revenue in the third quarter was offset by the non-core impact of negative movements in foreign exchange rates of $3.7 million, or 3.0%.

Tenants increased by 835 year-on-year, including 814 from Colocation and 127 from New Sites, partially offset by 106 from Churn, while Lease Amendments increased by 1,687.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter grew 29.6% year-on-year to $80.8 million, for a margin of 65.1%. The year-on-year increase in segment Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter primarily reflects a decrease in cost of sales included within Adjusted EBITDA of $19.3 million, driven by reduced regulatory fees ($11.0 million) primarily relating to a non-recurring review of the current and historical license obligations, and reduced tower repairs and maintenance costs ($1.5 million), security services costs ($3.0 million) and power generation costs ($4.1 million) driven by the changes in our agreements with MTN South Africa described above.

Latam

Fourth quarter revenue decreased 17.8% year-on-year to $44.6 million and was primarily driven by the non-core impact of adverse movements in foreign exchange rates of $8.0 million, or 14.7%. Organic revenue declined 2.7% in the quarter, or $1.5 million, driven by a reduction in revenues from our customer Oi S.A. (“Oi Brazil”) of $3.8 million as a result of their judicial recovery proceedings, partially offset by continued growth in Tenants, Lease Amendments and New Sites.

Tenants increased by 746 year-on-year, including 697 from New Sites and 309 from Colocation, partially offset by 194 Churned and net divestiture of 66, due to the disposal of our Peru operations, while Lease Amendments increased by 346.

Fourth quarter segment Adjusted EBITDA declined 9.7% to $37.1 million, for a margin of 83.1%, and primarily reflects the decrease in revenue described above, partially offset by a reduction in staff cost of sales ($0.4 million) and site rental costs ($1.2 million).

MENA

On December 19, 2024, the Company completed the disposal of its 70% interest in IHS Kuwait Limited, resulting in 12 fewer trading days for this operation, equating to a reduction to revenue of $1.5 million, in both the three month and full year periods ended December 31, 2024 when compared to the equivalent periods ended December 31, 2023. The revenue from the equivalent 12 day comparative period after December 19, 2023 is captured within inorganic revenue. Given the disposal date of December 19, 2024, as of December 31, 2024 the entire Tower portfolio, Tenants and Lease Amendments had been deconsolidated. Refer to note 31.2 in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for further information on the disposal of the Kuwait business.

Fourth quarter revenue decreased 5.9% year-on-year to $10.1 million which included the impact of 12 fewer days of IHS Kuwait results following the sale of this operation to Zain Kuwait on December 19, 2024 more than offsetting growth primarily by New Sites, Lease Amendments and escalations. Revenues declined inorganically in the period by $1.5 million, or 13.9%, reflecting the disposal of this operation to Zain Kuwait described above.

Prior to the disposal in December 2024, Tenants increased by 4 for the year, including 9 from New Sites, partially offset by 5 Churned sites, while Lease Amendments increased by 272, resulting in 1,678 Towers, 1,700 Tenants and 272 Lease Amendments. Following completion of the Kuwait Dispoal and as of December 31, 2024 these Tower, Tenants and Lease Amendments had been deconsolidated.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA was $7.3 million for the fourth quarter, a decrease of 7.7% year-on-year. The decrease in segment Adjusted EBITDA primarily reflects the decrease in revenue described above, with year-on-year growth impacted by 12 fewer days of IHS Kuwait results following the sale of this operation to Zain Kuwait on December 19, 2024.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

Set out below is the capital expenditure for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 for each of our reporting segments:

Three months ended December 31,

2024

2023

Change

$’000

Nigeria

33,719

66,703

(32,984

)

(49.4

)

SSA

17,070

11,348

5,722

50.4

Latam

30,951

50,809

(19,858

)

(39.1

)

MENA

179

1,276

(1,097

)

(86.0

)

Other

682

492

190

38.6

Total capital expenditure

82,601

130,628

(48,027

)

(36.8

)

During the fourth quarter of 2024, capital expenditure was $82.6 million, compared to $130.6 million for the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease is primarily driven by lower capital expenditure across our Nigeria and Latam segments reflecting the actions we are taking to improve cash generation and to narrow our focus on capital allocation.

Nigeria

The 49.4% year-on-year decrease for the fourth quarter was primarily driven by decreases of $17.1 million related to Project Green given the investment planned for this project is now largely complete, $5.1 million related to augmentation, $3.2 million related to maintenance and $8.0 million related to other capital expenditure.

SSA

The 50.4% year-on-year increase for the fourth quarter was primarily driven by increases in maintenance ($2.9 million), refurbishment ($2.2 million), and augmentation ($1.8 million), partially offset by a $2.4 million decrease related to New Sites.

Latam

The 39.1% year-on-year decrease for the fourth quarter was primarily driven by decreases related to New Sites ($9.4 million), fiber business ($5.8 million), maintenance ($2.0 million) and other capital expenditure ($3.7 million).

MENA

The 86.0% year-on-year decrease for the fourth quarter was primarily due to a decrease related to New Sites ($0.6 million) and refurbishment ($0.1 million).

Results for the full ended December 31, 2024 versus 2023

Revenue

Revenue for the full year ended December 31, 2024 of $1,711.2 million declined 19.5% year-on-year driven primarily by the devaluation of the NGN versus the U.S. dollar. Organic revenue(1) increased by $1,021.7 million (increased 48.1%) year-on-year driven primarily by foreign exchange resets, power indexation, escalations, and continued growth in revenues from Tenants, Lease Amendments and New Sites. This growth was partially offset by the initial impact of the new financial terms in the renewed and extended contracts with MTN Nigeria, signed during the third quarter of 2024. Aggregate inorganic revenue declined $0.4 million, which related to the sixth stage of the Kuwait Acquisition, offset by the disposal of operations in Kuwait in December 2024 and Peru in April 2024. The increase in organic revenue was more than offset by the non-core impact of adverse movements in foreign exchange rates used to translate the results of foreign operations of $1,435.6 million, or 67.5%, of which $1,394.0 million was due to the devaluation of the NGN.

Refer to the revenue component of the segment results section of this discussion and analysis for further details.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA was $928.4 million in the full year ended December 31, 2024, resulting in an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 54.3%. Adjusted EBITDA decreased 18.0% year-on-year reflecting the decrease in revenue described above, partially offset by a decrease in cost of sales, largely driven by the devaluation of the Naira versus the U.S. dollar. The reduction in cost of sales was primarily due to a decrease in tower repairs and maintenance costs ($42.9 million), power generation costs ($47.9 million), security services costs ($24.5 million), regulatory fees ($29.4 million) and staff costs ($8.7 million). The $59.1 million reduction in administrative costs included within Adjusted EBITDA was primarily driven by the devaluation of the Naira against the U.S. dollar, supported by cost saving initiatives implemented during the period.

Loss for the year

The year-on-year decrease in the loss for the year of $344.0 million is primarily driven by lower net financing costs of $321.9 million, as a result of a decrease in the unrealized net foreign exchange losses arising from financing linked to lower level of Naira devaluation year-on-year. This decrease is coupled with a net gain of $83.9 million from the Kuwait Disposal. In addition, there was reductions in impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent of $72.9 million, primarily driven by power equipment assets in our SSA segment being classified as assets held for sale and remeasured at fair value less cost to sell in the third quarter of 2023, as well as decreases in depreciation ($69.2 million), power generation ($47.9 million), net impairment of withholding tax receivables ($46.9 million), tower repairs and maintenance ($42.9 million), regulatory fees ($29.4 million), and security services ($24.5 million). This was partially offset by an impairment of goodwill of $87.9 million related to the IHS Latam tower business which was recognized in the first quarter of 2024 and a decrease in revenue as described above.

Cash from operations

Cash from operations for the full year ended 2024 was $775.9 million, compared to $902.9 million for the full year ended 2023. The decrease reflects a decrease in operating income before working capital changes of $193.4 million, partially offset by an improvement in working capital movements of $66.3 million (inclusive of a withholding tax receivable decrease of $85.1 million).

ALFCF

ALFCF for the full year ended 2024 was $304.2 million, compared to $432.8 million for the full year ended 2023. The decrease in ALFCF was primarily due to the decrease in cash from operations before working capital movements of $193.4 million described above, an increase in net interest paid of $43.1 million, partially offset by a reduction in withholding tax of $32.5 million and maintenance and corporate capex of $69.6 million.

Project Green, which began in October 2022, resulted in annualized ALFCF savings of approximately $49 million (vs guidance of $51 million) for the full year ended 2024.

FINANCING ACTIVITIES DURING THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024

Below is a summary of key facilities we have entered into, repaid or amended during the fourth quarter of 2024. Approximate U.S. dollar equivalent values for non-USD denominated facilities stated below are translated from the currency of the debt at the relevant exchange rates on December 31, 2024.

IHS Holding 2021 Notes Issuance

In November 2024, the 2026 Notes were partially redeemed, in an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $300.0 million following the issuance of the IHS Holding 2030/31 Notes and as of December 31, 2024, the aggregate principal amount outstanding on the IHS Holding 2026/28 Notes is $700.0 million.

IHS Holding (2022) Bullet Term Loan

In October 2024, the drawn amount of $430.0 million was fully prepaid using the proceeds received from the IHS Holding 2024 Dual-Tranche Term Loan.

IHS Holding (2024) Term Loan

In November 2024, the IHS Holding 2024 Term Loan was fully prepaid using the proceeds received from the IHS Holding 2030/31 Notes.

IHSHolding 2024 Dual-Tranche Term Loan

In October 2024, IHS Holding Limited entered into and drew down on a dual-tranche $255.0 million and ZAR 3,246.0 million loan agreement (together totaling approximately $427.6 million equivalent at December 31, 2024 exchange rates). This syndicated facility is scheduled to terminate in October 2029. The majority of the proceeds were applied toward the repayment of the IHS Holding (2022) Bullet Term Loan and general corporate purposes.

As of December 31, 2024, $427.6 million equivalent of the IHS Holding 2024 Dual-Tranche Term Loan was drawn down.

IHS Holding 2024 Notes Issuance

In November 2024, IHS Holding Limited issued $550.0 million 7.875% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”) and $650.0 million 8.250% Senior Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes”, and together with the 2030 Notes, the “IHS Holding 2030/31 Notes”), guaranteed by IHS Netherlands Holdco B.V., IHS Netherlands NG1 B.V., IHS Netherlands NG2 B.V., Nigeria Tower Interco B.V., IHS Nigeria Limited, IHS Towers NG Limited, INT Towers Limited and INT Towers NG Finco 1 Plc.

The proceeds of the issuance of the IHS Holding 2030/31 Notes were used to partially redeem the principal amount of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes and fully prepay the IHS Holding (2024) Term Loan (including accrued and unpaid interest), fees and expenses related to the offering of the notes, and for general corporate purposes. The IHS Holding 2030/31 Notes pay interest semi-annually in arrear and the principal is repayable in full on maturity.

As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the IHS Holding 2030/31 Notes was $1,200.0 million.

IHS Netherlands Holdco B.V. Notes

In November 2024 and December 2024, the 2027 Notes were partially redeemed, in an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $654.0 million following the issuance of the IHS Holding 2030/31 Notes and as of December 31, 2024, the aggregate principal amount outstanding on the 2027 Notes was $286.0 million.

IHS Kuwait Facility

IHS Kuwait Limited was sold as part of the Kuwait Disposal that completed in December 2024.

IHS South Africa Overdraft

This overdraft facility, entered into in October 2023, expired in December 2024.

Letter of Credit Facilities

As of December 31, 2024, IHS Nigeria has utilized $2.0 million through funding under agreed letters of credit. These letters mature on March 31, 2025, and their interest rates range from 12.00% to 15.55%. These letters of credit are utilized to fund capital and operational expenditure with suppliers.

As of December 31, 2024, INT Towers Limited has utilized $4.8 million through funding under agreed letters of credit. These letters mature on March 31, 2025, and their interest rates range from 12.00% to 15.75%. These letters of credit are utilized to fund capital and operational expenditure with suppliers.

As of December 31, 2024, Global Independent Connect Limited has utilized $0.1 million through funding under agreed letters of credit. These letters mature on March 31, 2025, and their interest rates range from 15.25% to 15.28%. These letters of credit are utilized to fund capital and operational expenditure with suppliers.

OTHER ACTIVITIES AFTER REPORTING PERIOD

Oi S.A. Judicial Recovery Plan Update

On March 13, 2025, the Group acquired 100% of SPE Imóveis e Torres Selecionados as part of the Oi S.A. Judicial Recovery Plan. The acquisition effectively converts the 1,567 towers and 187 related land assets, already held by the Group as right-of use assets, to property, plant and equipment. The transaction was non-cash and was settled through discounts already given to Oi under the Judicial Recovery Plan agreed in April 2024.

Conference Call

IHS Towers will host a conference call on March 18, 2025, at 8:30am ET to review its financial and operating results. Supplemental materials will be available on the Company’s website, www.ihstowers.com. The conference call can be accessed by calling +1 646 233 4753 (U.S./Canada) or +44 20 3936 2999 (UK/International). The call ID is 519217.

A simultaneous webcast and replay will be available in the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website, www.ihstowers.com, on the Earnings Materials page.

Upcoming Conferences and Events

IHS Towers management is expected to participate in the upcoming conferences outlined below, dates noted are subject to change. Visit www.ihstowers.com/investors/investor-presentations-events for additional conferences information.

About IHS Towers

IHS Towers is one of the largest independent owners, operators and developers of shared communications infrastructure in the world by tower count and is solely focused on the emerging markets. The Company has over 39,000 towers across its nine markets, including Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia. For more information, please email: [email protected] or visit: www.ihstowers.com.

For more information about the Company and our financial and operating results, please also refer to the 4Q24 Supplemental Information deck posted to our Investors Relations website at www.ihstowers.com/investors.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This press release contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by relevant safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements (or their equivalent) of any applicable jurisdiction, including those contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release may be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “forecast,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, but are not limited to statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, future organic growth, anticipated results for the fiscal year 2025 (including our ability to enhance profitability and cash flow generation) industry and business trends, business strategy and plans, shareholder value creation (including our ongoing strategic review and related productivity enhancements and cost reductions, as well as our ability to refinance or meet our debt obligations), our market growth, position and our objectives for future operations, including our ability to maintain relationships with customers, the potential benefit of the terms of our contract renewals the impact (illustrative or otherwise) of the renewed agreements with MTN Nigeria (including certain rebased fee components) on our financial results, the impact of currency and exchange rate fluctuations (including the fluctuations of the Naira) and other economic and geopolitical factors on our future results and operations, the outcome and potential benefit of our ongoing strategic review, including our ability to make commercial progress, increase Adjusted EBITDA and cash flow generation and reduce debt, our objectives for future operations, our participation in upcoming presentations and events, and the timing of any of the foregoing.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

The forward-looking statements in this press release are based upon information available to us as of the date of this press release, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. You should read this press release and the documents that we reference in this press release with the understanding that our actual future results, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Additionally, we may provide information herein that is not necessarily “material” under the federal securities laws for SEC reporting purposes, but that is informed by various ESG standards and frameworks (including standards for the measurement of underlying data), and the interests of various stakeholders. Particularly in the ESG context, materiality is subject to various definitions that often differ from, and are generally more expansive than, the definition under US federal securities laws. Much of this information is subject to assumptions, estimates or third-party information that is still evolving and subject to change. For example, we note that standards and expectations regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting and the processes for measuring and counting GHG emissions and GHG emissions reductions are evolving, and it is possible that our approaches both to measuring our emissions and any reductions may be at some point, either currently or in future, considered by certain parties to not be in keeping with best practices. In addition, our disclosures based on any standards may change due to revisions in framework requirements, availability of information, changes in our business or applicable government policies, or other factors, some of which may be beyond our control. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release. Except as required by applicable law, we do not assume, and expressly disclaim, any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this press release, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise. Additionally, references to our website and other documents contained in this press release are provided for convenience only, and their content is not incorporated by reference into this press release.

IHS HOLDING LIMITED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME/(LOSS) AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME

FOR THE THREE MONTHS AND FULL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023:

Three months ended December 31,

Full year ended December 31,

2024

2023

2024

2023

$’000

Revenue

437,822

509,784

1,711,225

2,125,539

Cost of sales

(227,788)

(220,678)

(890,533)

(1,183,306)

Administrative expenses

(82,260)

(112,906)

(429,818)

(404,783)

(Net loss allowance)/net reversal of loss on trade receivables

(2,082)

(1,977)

(7,202)

Other income

86,592

88,248

404

Operating income

212,284

174,258

479,147

530,652

Finance income

175,716

8,420

33,747

25,209

Finance costs

(151,646)

(621,091)

(2,123,138)

(2,436,511)

Income/(loss) before income tax

236,354

(438,413)

(1,610,244)

(1,880,650)

Income tax expense

6,712

(18,410)

(33,957)

(107,528)

Income/(loss) for the period

243,066

(456,823)

(1,644,201)

(1,988,178)

Attributable to:

Owners of the Company

246,515

(453,588)

(1,632,025)

(1,976,609)

Non-controlling interests

(3,449)

(3,235)

(12,176)

(11,569)

Income/(loss) for the period

243,066

(456,823)

(1,644,201)

(1,988,178)

Income/(loss) per share ($) - basic

0.74

(1.36)

(4.90)

(5.93)

Income/(loss) per share ($) - diluted

0.73

(1.36)

(4.90)

(5.93)

Other comprehensive income:

Items that may be reclassified to income or loss

Exchange gain recycled to income statement on disposal of subsidiary

(98)

—

(98)

—

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

(267,515)

336,006

996,548

970,808

Other comprehensive (loss)/income for the period, net of taxes

(267,613)

336,006

996,450

970,808

Total comprehensive loss for the period

(24,547)

(120,817)

(647,751)

(1,017,370)

Attributable to:

Owners of the Company

(21)

(129,142)

(592,196)

(1,025,754)

Non-controlling interests

(24,526)

8,325

(55,555)

8,384

Total comprehensive loss for the period

(24,547)

(120,817)

(647,751)

(1,017,370)

IHS HOLDING LIMITED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

FOR THE FULL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023:

2024

2023

$’000

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

1,352,645

1,740,235

Right-of-use assets

699,057

886,909

Goodwill

403,242

619,298

Other intangible assets

673,952

933,030

Deferred income tax assets

73,345

63,786

Derivative financial instrument assets

29,410

1,540

Trade and other receivables

121,033

147,305

3,352,684

4,392,103

Current assets

Inventories

30,746

40,589

Income tax receivable

2,250

3,755

Derivative financial instrument assets

—

565

Trade and other receivables

313,356

607,835

Cash and cash equivalents

577,956

293,823

Assets held for sale

—

26,040

924,308

972,607

TOTAL ASSETS

4,276,992

5,364,710

Non-current liabilities

Trade and other payables

5,218

4,629

Borrowings

3,219,215

3,056,696

Lease liabilities

470,476

510,838

Provisions for other liabilities and charges

83,876

86,131

Deferred income tax liabilities

100,450

137,106

3,879,235

3,795,400

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

422,500

532,627

Provisions for other liabilities and charges

182

277

Derivative financial instrument liabilities

10,203

68,133

Income tax payable

49,879

75,612

Borrowings

128,734

454,151

Lease liabilities

82,068

91,156

693,566

1,221,956

TOTAL LIABILITIES

4,572,801

5,017,356

Stated capital

5,403,139

5,394,812

Accumulated losses

(6,925,419)

(5,293,394)

Other reserves

1,067,701

8,430

Equity attributable to owners of the Company

(454,579)

109,848

Non-controlling interests

158,770

237,506

TOTAL EQUITY

(295,809)

347,354

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

4,276,992

5,364,710

IHS HOLDING LIMITED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE FULL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023:

Attributable to owners of the Company

Non-

Stated

Accumulated

Other

controlling

Total

capital

losses

reserves

Total

interests

Equity

$’000

At January 1, 2023

5,311,953

(3,317,652

)

(861,271

)

1,133,030

227,200

1,360,230

Shares repurchased and canceled through buyback program

(10,037

)

—

(10,037

)

—

(10,037

)

Non-controlling interests arising on business combination

—

1,922

Exercise of share options

92,896

—

(92,896

)

—

Share-based payment expense

—

13,168

—

13,168

Other reclassifications related to share-based payment

—

867

(1,426

)

(559

)

—

(559

)

Total transactions with owners

82,859

867

(81,154

)

2,572

1,922

4,494

Loss for the year

—

(1,976,609

)

—

(1,976,609

)

(11,569

)

(1,988,178

)

Other comprehensive income

—

950,855

19,953

970,808

Total comprehensive (loss)/income

—

(1,976,609

)

950,855

(1,025,754

)

8,384

(1,017,370

)

At December 31, 2023

5,394,812

(5,293,394

)

8,430

109,848

237,506

347,354

At January 1, 2024

5,394,812

(5,293,394

)

8,430

109,848

237,506

347,354

Non-controlling interests derecognized on disposal

—

(23,181

)

(23,181

)

Exercise of share options

8,327

—

(8,327

)

—

Share-based payment expense

—

27,769

—

27,769

Total transactions with owners

8,327

—

19,442

27,769

(23,181

)

4,588

Loss for the year

—

(1,632,025

)

—

(1,632,025

)

(12,176

)

(1,644,201

)

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of recycling

—

1,039,829

(43,379

)

996,450

Total comprehensive (loss)/income

—

(1,632,025

)

1,039,829

(592,196

)

(55,555

)

(647,751

)

At December 31, 2024

5,403,139

(6,925,419

)

1,067,701

(454,579

)

158,770

(295,809

)

IHS HOLDING LIMITED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS AND FULL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023:

Three months ended December 31,

Full year ended December 31,

2024

2023

2024

2023

$’000

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash from operations

348,845

162,054

775,856

902,923

Income taxes paid

(3,538

)

(3,004

)

(38,629

)

(45,411

)

Payment for rent

(956

)

431

(7,827

)

(3,716

)

Payment for tower and tower equipment decommissioning

(43

)

(16

)

(95

)

(343

)

Net cash from operating activities

344,308

159,465

729,305

853,453

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

(61,460

)

(81,441

)

(235,169

)

(464,897

)

Payment in advance for property, plant and equipment

(14,283

)

(22,145

)

(29,864

)

(111,065

)

Purchase of software and licenses

(689

)

(3,141

)

(3,980

)

(22,811

)

Consideration paid on business combinations, net of cash acquired

—

(4,486

)

Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries, net of cash disposed

114,887

—

118,960

—

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment

11,707

1,451

26,706

2,919

Insurance claims received

321

Interest received

5,809

7,670

18,660

25,008

Deposit of short-term deposits

(3,070

)

4,538

(43,660

)

(183,400

)

Refund of short-term deposits

2,736

(469

)

211,453

36,162

Net cash from/(used in) investing activities

55,659

(93,526

)

63,179

(722,249

)

Cash flows from financing activities

Shares repurchased and canceled through buyback program

—

(4,324

)

—

(10,037

)

Proceeds received from issuance of borrowings (net of transaction costs)

1,596,978

9,660

2,208,375

986,604

Repayment of borrowings

(1,683,484

)

(45,349

)

(2,149,307

)

(689,940

)

Fees on borrowings and derivative instruments

(1,263

)

(4,621

)

(10,558

)

(19,441

)

Interest paid

(73,983

)

(74,911

)

(326,984

)

(299,029

)

Payment for the principal portion of lease liabilities

(10,770

)

(13,428

)

(55,233

)

(72,854

)

Interest paid for lease liabilities

(19,495

)

(17,744

)

(66,041

)

(58,443

)

Interest/premium paid on derivative instruments

(8,834

)

—

(8,834

)

—

Net gain/(loss) settled on derivative instruments

157

222

(22,414

)

839

Net cash (used in)/from financing activities

(200,694

)

(150,495

)

(430,996

)

(162,301

)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

199,273

(84,556

)

361,488

(31,097

)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

397,499

425,436

293,823

514,078

Exchange differences

(18,816

)

(47,057

)

(77,355

)

(189,158

)

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

577,956

293,823

577,956

293,823

Use of Non-IFRS financial measures

Certain parts of this document contain non-IFRS financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Adjusted Levered Free Cash Flow (“ALFCF”). The non-IFRS financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with Accounting Standards as issued by International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS® Accounting Standards”), and may be different from similarly titled non-IFRS measures used by other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

We define Adjusted EBITDA (including by segment) as (loss)/income for the period, before income tax expense/(benefit), finance costs and income, depreciation and amortization, net impairment/(reversal of impairment) of withholding tax receivables, impairment of goodwill, business combination transaction costs, net impairment/(reversal of impairment) of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent, reversal of provision for decommissioning costs, net (gain)/loss on sale of assets, share-based payment (credit)/expense, insurance claims, gain on disposal of subsidiary and certain other items that management believes are not indicative of the core performance of our business.

We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue for the applicable period, expressed as a percentage.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are useful to investors and are used by our management for measuring profitability and allocating resources, because they exclude the impact of certain items that have less bearing on our core operating performance such as interest expense and taxes. We believe that utilizing Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin allows for a more meaningful comparison of operating fundamentals between companies within our industry by eliminating the impact of capital structure and taxation differences between the companies.

Adjusted EBITDA measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies comparable to us, many of which present an Adjusted EBITDA-related performance measure when reporting their results.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are used by different companies for differing purposes and are often calculated in ways that reflect the circumstances of those companies. You should exercise caution in comparing Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin as reported by us to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin as reported by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are unaudited and have not been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are not measures of performance under IFRS Accounting Standards and you should not consider these as an alternative to (loss)/income or (loss)/income margin for the period or other financial measures determined in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation. Some of these limitations are:

Accordingly, investors and prospective investors should not place undue reliance on Adjusted EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA Margin.

ALFCF

We define ALFCF as cash from operations, before certain items of income or expenditure that management believes are not indicative of the core cash flow of our business (to the extent that these items of income and expenditure are included within cash flow from operating activities), and after taking into account net working capital movements, income taxes paid, withholding tax, lease and rent payments made, net interest paid or received, business combination transaction costs, maintenance capital expenditure and routine corporate capital expenditure. We believe that it is important to measure the free cash flows we have generated from operations, after accounting for the cash cost of funding and routine capital expenditure required to generate those cash flows.

We believe ALFCF is useful to investors because it is also used by our management for measuring our operating cash flow, liquidity and allocating resources. While Adjusted EBITDA provides management with a basis for assessing its current operating performance, we use ALFCF in order to assess the long-term, sustainable operating liquidity of our business. ALFCF is derived through an understanding of the funds generated from operations, taking into account our capital structure and the taxation environment (including withholding tax implications), as well as the impact of non-discretionary maintenance capital expenditure and routine corporate capital expenditure. ALFCF provides management with a metric through which to measure the underlying cash generation of the business by further adjusting for expenditure that are non-discretionary in nature (such as interest paid and income taxes paid), as well as certain cash items that impact cash from operations in any particular period.

ALFCF and similar measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies comparable to us, many of which present an ALFCF-related measure when reporting their results. Such measures are used in the telecommunications infrastructure sector as they are seen to be important in assessing the liquidity of a business. We present ALFCF to provide investors with a meaningful measure for comparing our liquidity to those of other companies, particularly those in our industry.

ALFCF and similar measures are used by different companies for differing purposes and are often calculated in ways that reflect the circumstances of those companies. You should exercise caution in comparing ALFCF as reported by us to ALFCF or similar measures as reported by other companies. ALFCF is unaudited and has not been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards.

ALFCF is not intended to replace cash from operations for the period or any other measures of cash flow under IFRS Accounting Standards.

ALFCF has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation. Some of these limitations are:

Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on ALFCF.

Reconciliation from income/(loss) for the period to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin to the most directly comparable IFRS measure which are income/(loss) and income/(loss) margin, respectively, for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Three months ended December 31,

For the full year ended December 31,

2024

2023

2024

2023

$’000

Income/(loss) for the year

243,066

(456,823

)

(1,644,201

)

(1,988,178

)

Divided by: Total revenue

437,822

509,784

1,711,225

2,125,539

Income/(loss) margin for the year

55.5

(89.6

(96.1

(93.5

Adjustments:

Income tax expense

(6,712

)

18,410

33,957

107,528

Finance costs(a)

151,646

621,091

2,123,138

2,436,511

Finance income(a)

(175,716

)

(8,420

)

(33,747

)

(25,209

)

Depreciation and amortization

96,695

95,205

362,735

435,586

Net (impairment reversal)/impairment of withholding tax receivables(b)

(31,746

)

12,880

1,081

47,992

Impairment of goodwill

87,894

Business combination transaction costs

322

785

1,280

2,432

Net impairment/(reversal of impairment) of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent(c)

4,692

(20,814

)

17,651

87,696

Gain/(loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment

23,725

(2,854

)

20,163

(3,806

)

Share-based payment expense(d)

18,061

3,799

27,940

13,370

Insurance claims(e)

(22

)

(11

)

(73

)

(321

)

Gain on disposal of subsidiary

(83,838

)

(83,838

)

Other costs(f)

6,199

10,958

14,374

19,017

Other income

(24

)

(83

)

Adjusted EBITDA

246,372

274,182

928,354

1,132,535

Divided by: Total revenue

437,822

509,784

1,711,225

2,125,539

Adjusted EBITDA Margin

56.3

53.8

54.3

53.3

Reconciliation from cash from operations to ALFCF

The following is a reconciliation of ALFCF to the most directly comparable IFRS measure, which is cash from operations, for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Three months ended December 31,

For the full year ended December 31,

2024

2023

2024

2023

$’000

Cash from operations

348,845

162,054

775,856

902,923

Net movement in working capital

(92,104

)

104,002

158,667

224,982

Income taxes paid

(3,538

)

(3,004

)

(38,629

)

(45,411

)

Withholding tax(a)

(20,777

)

(27,473

)

(85,076

)

(117,561

)

Lease and rent payments made

(31,221

)

(30,741

)

(129,101

)

(135,013

)

Net interest paid(b)

(77,008

)

(67,241

)

(317,158

)

(274,021

)

Business combination costs

4,857

2,356

6,707

6,792

Other costs(c)

1,734

4,482

5,513

12,229

Maintenance capital expenditure(d)

(23,284

)

(25,680

)

(71,796

)

(139,958

)

Corporate capital expenditures(e)

(383

)

(590

)

(785

)

(2,180

)

ALFCF

107,121

118,165

304,198

432,782

Non-controlling interests

(2,084

)

(2,113

)

(12,411

)

(9,860

)

ALFCF excluding non-controlling interests

105,037

116,052

291,787

422,922

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